Rhesus (Rh)-D negative women, pregnant with Rh-D positive foetus are at risk of developing antibodies against future pregnancies if/when they suffer a sensitising event. (Remember, this should be considered a standard treatment for all Rh-D negative women, as we are never certain of the fathers Rh-D status) Read more
Category: Learning
Radial Buckle Fractures
Some Radial Buckle #’s in children can be managed with:
- Well fitting splint
- Advice sheet
This decision tree must be followed to identify suitable patients
If you are concerned about Non-Accidental injury – you must escalate your concern.
Paediatric Clavicle Fracture
Clavicle fracture is a common presentation, and some patients can be managed at home without fracture clinic follow up.
Inclusion Criteria
- Isolated mid-shaft clavicle fracture
- Parents/Carers comfortable to manage at home
Pulmonary Embolism – PE
PE is somehow both the most over and under diagnosed condition. with severity ranging from the questionable sub-segmental PE to the Massive PE (an indication for thrombolysis). So think:
- Does this presentation sound like a PE? – If not STOP here
- Pregnant? – Click Here
- Do you think this is likely a PE? (if so you can’t use PERC)
- Does D-Dimer answer your question? (whats the Wells)
- Massive PE – think Thrombolysis
- Sub-Massive PE – there is lots of debate (involve seniors), locally needs 2 consultant sign off and not considered time critical.
Methaemoglobinaemia
Q: Why are Smurf’s Blue?
A: Methaemoglobin (MetHb) of course!
– MetHb is produced by oxidisation of the Iron in Haemoglobin (Hb) from Fe2+ to Fe3+
– Fe3+ prevents Hb carrying oxygen (thus produces symptoms of hypoxia)
– Often due to chemical ingestion, but may also be genetic
– Treated with Methyl Blue & supportive measures
Hypernatraemia
Hypernatraemia is a not a common presentation in ED, as intense thirst often prevents significant hypernatraemia in neurologically intact individuals. So… Mortality rates are high (20-70%) and the severity of hypernatraemia has been shown be an independent predictor of mortality.
However, there is little good data on hypernatremia to base guidance on, and definitions vary within the literature
Hair Apposition Technique – HAT
Really useful method to close linear head wounds that you wouldn’t normally use glue for within the hair (esp. in children)
- Reduced pain
- Reduced follow up
- increased patient satisfaction (less pain and no need to see again)
- Faster and increased staff satisfaction
PEARS
Meningitis – Adults
- Keep your suspicions high – early signs it may not be clear
- Sepsis Kills – give antibiotics & fluid early
- Consider Acyclovir
- Give Dexamethasone with Antibiotics – it can reduce neurological sequelae
- Consider indications for CT before LP
- Get SENIOR support early
Rhabdomyolysis
We often worry about patients developing rhabdomyolysis and consequently developing AKI. However, there is much debate and little consistency in the published data, over how to diagnose and who needs admission to treat. So its important to consider both clinical context along with laboratory values
